LaTeX/TeX for Windows 7 – a complete setup

I am always happy on suggestions and notes on possible errors. When reporting, please always include the version number:
Revision: 1552 Date: 2010-08-29 20:49:46 +0200 (Sun, 29 Aug 2010)

This translation is at the beginning of its lifecycle. There will definitely be mistakes. I will do my best to find and fix them. If you feel to do so, give me hints how to improve.

Many thanks to a number of readers for suggestions and corrections.

This document exists in HTML as well as in PDF 1.5¹. The correct URLs are:

• http://schlosser.info/downloads/latexsystem-en.pdf for the PDF version and
• http://schlosser.info/latexsystem-en for the HTML-page.

A German version is available via http://schlosser.info/latexsystem/

Contents

1 Intention – Everyone can set up LATEX

LATEX is not just a program but a language and a methodology of describing documents and gets used via a LATEX system. With that not only scientific papers can be prepared, but also excellent letters, presentation and much more.

For all that have not worked with free software so far it may be strange in the beginning to have to integrate different components to a system on their own, and some will not easily have the heart to do so. For this I present my own environment that I use to generate from LATEX Postscript and PDF as well as HTML.

This is not a introduction to LATEX, there are some excellent documents available in the net as well as books are. For beginners the best will be the “Not so short introduction to LATEX2ε”, delivered with approximately every LATEX distribution in <texmf>/doc/guides/lshort-german/, or to be downloaded from CTAN.org². Essential also is the UK TEX FAQ, to be obtained from the UK TeX Archive³. Then we should mention l2tabu, that lists obsolete commands and packages and their alternatives. Not to forget is the documentation of the KOMAScript bundle, a widespread class library, that answers additionally a lot of typographic questions. It can be found in every better LATEX distribution in <texmf>/doc/latex/koma-script/.

If you have severe problems with installation although using this tutorial, or have another question related to LATEX, should not write to me personally but search in the Internet and the FAQ. In case of continuous confusion you can post in the newsgroup comp.text.tex⁴. Most questions can be answered there, and also concerning Windows installation this is preferrable, because answers are for everyone’s benefits and numerous competent users and developers read along.

This guide applies to Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7.

A last important note: This tutorial is not a substitute for the original documentations of the particular programs and building blocks ⁵. In case of errors or warnings, consult the documentation of the particular program. This tutorial exclusively cares for the mentioned programs. Sections concerning EMACS, as an example, cannot be transferred for XEmacs without special care. More recent versions of programs usually are no problem (without guarantee).

2 What do you need at all?

In order to be able to work efficiently, besides the main TEX distribution different components are needed.

LATEX Distribution: MiKTEX The LATEX distribution is the core of the system. It contains the most important programs needed for generation of DVI, Postscript and PDF, and all additional packages that offer extended possibilities as e.g. musical typesetting, standard layouts for different organizations, layout specialties, etc..

I use MiKTEX 2.8. In my opinion this distribution is easy to install, works quite good and is updated regularly. Depending on the user’s choice, 90 up to 920 MB are to be downloaded. Alternatively a—not always up to date— CD ROM can be ordered.

The distribution is only responsible to transform an input to an output. The input itself is created with the editor of your choice.

Editor: Texmaker For keeping the beginning with LATEX as simple as possible, I recommend TEXMAKER as Editor, differing from my personal setup.

I will skip instructions for the also popular TEXLIPSE, the ECLIPSE plugin. Everyone using ECLIPSE will manage to get that additional package.

For pure mouse oriented users TEXMAKER is quite comfortable. TEXMAKER is well updated and convenient to use, because besides graphical menus for most mathematical symbols and all relevant commands it shows so called tool tips during typing of commands. Especially for a newbie in LATEX TEXMAKER is recommendable if EMACS is unknown. Later you can and should switch to the professional tool EMACS.

Nevertheless it has to be stressed that TEXMAKER misses some features that are available in EMACS, e.g. a numerated table of contents view or a powerful handling of labels and cites. The integrated spell-checker does not yet show the quality as ISPELL/ASPELL does for EMACS.

Editor: Emacs + RefTeX + AUCTeX + Ispell If you already have worked with LATEX under UNIX, you might have used EMACS, one of the most powerful GNU software.

I decided to switch to EMACS due to the add-ons AUCTEX and REFTEX. AUCTEX offers keyboard shortcuts for all important LATEX constructs, speeding up work significantly. AUCTEX additionally offers in-editor preview of graphics, tables and formulas. This merges the best from both worlds WYSIWYG and offline editing⁶. On insertion of cross references, REFTEX lets the user select one out of a list of all existing labels, and does help with generation of these labels. Also insertion of bibliographic cites is efficient and fast with REFTEX. Read the introductions or tutorials for EMACS and AUCTEX and get the Emacs reference card from www.refcards.com. The initial learning effort pays out, it is overcompensated by fast and efficient working.

Moreover you do not have to miss a spell checker in EMACS. It is called ISPELL and integrated into the editor quite good. A Windows port that I equipped with an installer for easier usage can be downloaded from my home page⁷. It contains dictionaries for English and German. Additional languanges like “new” German, French, Italian, etc. can easily be found in the net.

Graphics in Postscript with Ghostscript In the Unix world, Postscript is the exchange format for vector graphics. Following this paradigm, it is best to include graphics as (Encapsulated) Postscript (PS/EPS) in LATEX.

From all Windows applications with their file formats, e.g. existing Word- or PowerPoint drawings, Bitmaps or vector files like Visio, Postscript can be generated even if the application does not support this directly. A Postscript printer driver, redirected to file output, makes this possible. For viewing existing Postscript files and to make small changes you need GHOSTSCRIPT with its graphical front-end GSVIEW.

HTML translation: TeX4ht TEX4HT has the advantage that it is contained as package in the MIKTEX distribution⁸. Though, if you want the absolutely most recent version, you can install manually.

TEX4HT, regardless whether packaged or self-installed, needs the program IMAGEMAGICK for graphics conversion.

Summary and licensing The included package sizes mean the download sizes, not the space needed for installation.

All of the programs mentioned in this tutorial are at least free of charge, in most cases even free software⁹. All licenses state that the distribution is allowed. Most of them allow furthermore to change the source code, whereas some of them prohibit commercial sale.

Despite the basic free-of-chargeness you are invited to reciprocate the individual projects financially. See the projects’ web pages.

3 Installation and Configuration

My system runs on Windows 2000 Professional. Some access paths to certain configurations may deviate under Windows 98/ME from the described. For Windows XP it should be widely identical.

Access paths denominate entries in the start menu, buttons and menu entries with their particular captions.

The step sequence is to be followed tightly due to program dependencies. This tutorial is self consistent, meaning all directories fit together. If you use another directory for a program, please to take care about this in subsequent steps.

3.1 Download and install MiKTEX

First of all get the web installer from http://www.miktex.org and run it. Now you have to decide between the alternatives Basic and Complete. If you are connected to the Internet with broadband, it is best to get Complete, otherwise the other one. When you get more familiar with MikTEX, you can download single packages on request, so that limited connection to the Internet is no obstacle. Alternatively you can order a CD"=ROM of MikTEX, updated irregularly, or buy a copy of my book Schlosser, Joachim: Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten schreiben mit LaTeX. 3. Auflage. mitp Verlag, Oktober 2009, ISBN 978–3826658921, which is in German but has the CD"=ROM included.

The installation itself is quite easy: Simply click on continue until the installer finishes, accepting all defaults. As the installer will download between 90 and 920Megabytes, I recommend not using a mobile phone connection for installing.

All programs can then be started directly from command line.

3.2 Graphics Preparation and Conversion

Configure the Postscript printer driver by Start → Settings → Printers → Add Printer. First you select local printer and as adapter the FILE port, the right printer driver is the Apple Color LaserWriter 12/600 (up to Windows Vista), resp. MS Publisher Color Printer (from Windows 7, ">generic"< in the vendor list). The printer name is best set to “Postscript File”.

After installation do the following settings under Start → Settings → Printers → Postscript File → Printer → Printer Settings → Advanced → Document Options → Postscript Settings: Set Postscript-Output to “Optimal Portability” and TrueType Download to “Contour”. The ICM Color Matching should be deactivated for avoidance of color adulterations.

From now on every Windows application can produce Postscript files by using the new printer. The generated file—which should be given the file extension .ps instead of the default .prn—can be viewed in GSVIEW and converted to EPS.

For automatic further processing it is best to install GHOSTSCRIPT, obtained from http://ghostscript.com/releases/. Nothing special to bear in mind (simply Enter until finished). Because of the possible wish to view Postscript file for checkup, get and install GSVIEW from http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/, the graphical front end of GHOSTSCRIPT. During the installation, do set the directory to C:\Programme(x86)\Ghostscript, too, and also as program group specify the same as suggested during the installation of GHOSTSCRIPT.

It exceedingly useful to add GHOSTSCRIPT to the search path. So again, in Start → Settings → Control Panel → System → Advanced → Environment Variables add to the variable PATH the respective directory, e.g. C:\Programme(x86)\Ghostscript\gs8.54\bin, separated by a colon. Attention: No spaces before or after entries of the PATH variable!

In order to simplify work in the long run I recommend to setup an “EPS Printer”, for this I have a short tutorial, too¹⁰.

3.3 Configure Texmaker

TEXMAKER, to be obtained from http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/, is installed quite rapidly: Like with MIKTEX simply accept all installer defaults. At the first start TEXMAKER asks whether it should configure itself for usage with MIKTEX, which you affirm and accept all defaults.

3.4 Configure Emacs

One defect of Windows has to be fixed first: the absence of the environment variable¹¹ HOME. For this create a new entry in Start → Settings → Control Panel → System → Advanced → Environment Variables¹², named HOME and assign some path in which you like to have saved all individual settings¹³. The directory name should not contain any spaces!

For all environment variables it is to be reckoned that if you want to set an environment variable just for the current user, you create it in User Variables. If they should apply to all users, create them in System Variables. We need EMACS, which we download from ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/emacs/windows/emacs-23.1-bin-i386.zip, and AUCTEX as precompiled package, to get from http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/auctex/auctex-11.86-e23.1-msw.zip. Unpack the EMACS archive emacs-2x.x-bin-i386.zip into the programs directory, resulting in a directory like e.g. C:\Programme\emacs. In exactly this directory then unzip the archive auctex-11.xx-e2x.x-msw.zip, overwriting at least one file. Most unzippers ask before doing that.

For easier starting EMACS, in directory C:\Programme\emacs\bin run the installer addpm.exe and accept the settings. This creates a shortcut in the Windows start menu.

With this, Emacs is ready to run.

AUCTEX + RefTEX The integration of AUCTEX with REFTEX has to be activated separatedly. For this, start EMACS and use it to create the configuration file .emacs within you HOME directory (UNIX shortcut name ~) with C-x C-f ~/.emacs RET¹⁴. Here you add the following lines:

Then save the file by C-x C-s, close Emcas with C-x C-c, and the setup is completed. The installation was successful, if when opening a .tex file in the menu bar new entries “Preview”, “LaTeX” and “Ref” appear.

If you want faster and smaller preview images, you have to get the additional graphics library LibPNG from http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/libpng.htm. From the Website, download “Binaries” and “Dependencies”. From the Binary archive extract the two DLLs *.dll and copy them to your

When being in PDF mode (C-c C-t C-p), you now can call Preview-LATEX with C-c C-p C-d. C:\Programme(x86)\emacs\bin. Do the same with the dependencies archive’s content bin\zlib1.dll.

In PDF-Mode with (C-c C-t C-p) you now can call Preview-LATEX with C-c C-p C-d.

Ispell ISPELL can be installed quite easily by means of my distribution¹⁵. The suggested directory can be accepted confidently. Additionally the program gets added to the search path. Attention: the environment variable HOME must already exist in advance.

3.5 File Types Setup

Only as a further simplification we create a new file type. First we need a little add-on to EMACS, allowing to open further files in an already running EMACS Window. The add-on is called EMACSSERV, and comes along with EMACS.

Now create a new file type. For this, open a command window and type¹⁶:

Then we can assign several file name extensions to this type. We do this for .tex and .ltx by typing

From then on double clicking a .tex file leads to execution of EMACS.

TEXMAKER can do this setting on its own, you get asked at first start of the program.

The assoc command I additionally execute for the file name extensions .sty, .cls, .lco and .bib.

Now EMACS is completely configured and you can start working with the most powerful LATEX editor.

These were the last steps for configuring a system for generation of printer and camera ready documents in PDF or Postscript. If you do not want to generate HTML, you are basically done here.

3.6 Install latest TeX4ht

TEX4HT is included in MIKTEX and, if you selected the total installation, already on your hard disk for usage. However, if you find an improvement in the change log of TEX4HT on http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/bugfixes.html¹⁷ that you want to use (like I do usually), you should download the current package from that site.

The precondition for TEX4HT on the one hand is GHOSTSCRIPT that we installed in a previous section, and on the other hand IMAGEMAGICK, which gets configured as follows:

Get the Windows executable from the IMAGEMAGICK web site under Downloads¹⁸ and install it. Simply acknowledge the defaults, then the converter program is added to your search path.

For safety the MIKTEX packages for TEX4HT should be removed. Call the MikTeX package manager (mpm.exe) and un-install the packages tex4ht and miktex-tex4ht-bin. Simply select and click the minus sign.

Now we start installing the literal TEX4HT. For this, get the latest package from the TEX4T bugfix page http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/bugfixes.html¹⁹, it has a name like tex4ht-x.y.jjjj_mm_dd_hhss.tar.gz. Unpack it to C:\. All recent packers should accept and process .tar.gz. In C:\ you now should have a directory named similar to tex4ht-x.y.jjjj_mm_dd_hhss. Rename this directory to tex4ht.

Then move the contents of the subdirectory C:\tex4ht\texmf\tex to c:\localtexmf\tex. You may have to create the target directory first.

For making the new files known to the TEX-System, open a command line (Start → Run → “cmd”) and call:

Then the executables have to be added to the search path. As in other places an entry to the environment variable PATH has to be added. So again utilize Start → Settings → Control Panel → System → Advanced → Environment Variables and edit the variable PATH to insert the directory C:\tex4ht\bin\win32; before the entry for c:\texmf\miktex\bin, in case of need at the very beginning.

Finally adapt the configuration file of TEX4HT. For this, open the file c:\tex4ht\texmf\tex4ht\base\win32\tex4ht.env, search the line

and replace it by the following²⁰:

TEX4HT is now installed and can be used. If you want to employ the OPENOFFICE.ORG export of TEX4HT, a Zip packer has to be available in the system. I apply INFO-ZIP²¹ for this, but only copy the file zip.exe to a directory already covered by the search path. After first use of oolatex.bat, if you discover that the generated file is corrupt, you can remedy by editing again the file c:\tex4ht\texmf\tex4ht\base\win32\tex4ht.env and replace the tags <oo-alt> and </oo-alt> by <oo> bzw. </oo> and vice versa, for activating an alternative processing.

4 And now? Usage

Congratulation! TEX4HT is now installed and the TEX system can generate all important outputs.

What about exporting to Word? In principle there is no reason to export LATEX to Word, but there are programs that convert LATEX to the Rich Text Format (.rtf), which you can open in Word then. I sense the best way is via HTML or OPENOFFICE.ORG. This means: convert LATEX with TEX4HT to HTML or OPENOFFICE.ORG, and then open the output in Word resp. OPENOFFICE.ORG.

The generation of outputs is normally directed by the editor programs, there are buttons and/or keyboard shortcuts for this.

For the usage of the EMACS add-ons I refer to their documentation. The access may be bitter, it is really worthwile.

TeX4ht usage TEX4HT is a flexible tool for converting LATEX to HTML, but with the loads of options one easily looses overview at the beginning. With a little practice, nevertheless, you can accomplish everything you imagine.

The TEX4HT documentation delivered is not so luxuriant. A comprehensive list of options, written to the log file, you get by calling

at the command line for a arbitrary LATEX file. Be sure to call htlatex.bat, not just htlatex, as this starts a MikTeX program instead.

Because I want XHTML as clear and as small files as possible, I tend to invoke by

for the conversion. This generates XHTML, separate files for two levels of sections, no special font information but basic logical formatting, non-scaled graphics and helpful hyperlinks. If you like to have a more precise reproduction of the fonts, skip the option NoFonts, which of course leads to bigger files. For a monolithic file specify a 0 instead of 2.

Graphics conversion All graphics included in a document have to originate somewhere. Generally it is strongly dis-advisable to create diagrams or graphics as bitmaps, with Photoshop or similar programs. I ratzer advise to use vector oriented programs, like e.g. CorelDraw, OpenOffice.org Draw, Visio or related. Applications like Excel or PowerPoint or MATLAB also process their graphics vector oriented, and are able to generate nice Postscript files via our Postscript printer driver. These Postscript files then get conversed to EPS ²².

The generated file with the extension .eps can be loaded into GSVIEW in order to e.g. control whether the bounding box has to be corrected. The bounding box can be showed by selecting the menu entry Options → Show Bounding Box.

In case the bounding box does not fit, the command File → PS to EPS allows to set the bounding box automatically or manually and save the output to a new file. Automatic can be selected if the whole graphic should be used. Manual selection of the bounding box is useful if unwanted head or foot lines should be cropped.

Attention: For generating Postscript or DVI graphic files have to be present in (Encapsulated) Postscript (EPS), whereas with PDFLATEX only graphics in PDF, JPEG oder PNG can be processed. It is well possible to convince the one and the other to accept all file types, but has to use special options which may make the source document unportable to other systems. If both DVI and PDF should be generated, the graphics have to exist in two formats.

If you want to use PDFLATEX to create Portable Document Format from your documents, you have to convert the EPS files to PDF. For this there is the command epstopdf, like the following:

Bitmap files like JPEG or PNG can be processed directly by PDFLATEX. For usage with the normal LATEX they have to be converted to EPS using bmeps.

Graphics generated by METAPOST, a graphic description language shipped with LATEX by default.

5 If something fails

If anything does not work or behaves apparently wrong, it is no debacle. Often the reason is a forgotten environment variable. So you first should check whether all environment variables suggested by this tutorial are set appropriately. If one misses or has a wrong value, it is possible that a succeeding installation failed, especially that of PREVIEW-LATEX. So do it again. Another popular source of defect: files in wrong places. Go through the tutorial again and check and correct if necessary.

If needed, risk a look to the installation manual of the particular package to find more hints. Of course it cannot be ruled out that my tutorial contains an error. If you find everything in the right place and still not working, ask me and include the version number of the tutorial. Maybe I made some assumption that is not general, or a new version of a package works different and this text is outdated.

6 Prospect

With all the possibilities offered by the numerous LATEX packages always bear in mind: do not loose yourself in gadgets. Choose simple layouts and structure, especially if you plan to publish also in HTML.

This tutorial is far away from covering all subtleties of the document environment. With help of this article nevertheless it should be possible for a reasonably Windows-experienced user to begin relatively quick with editing and typesetting texts. I did discover LATEX not until 2002 for myself and do not want to miss it anymore. Everyone will—getting involved—be inspired of the advantages of letting typeset texts in high quality rather that having to be annoyed by the insufficiencies of a word processor.

If this document helps appeasing the timidity of installing and using such a system and by that lowers the inhibition threshold of the access to LATEX, it has fulfilled its purpose.

Literatur und Programme

Revision: 1552 Date: 2010-08-29 20:49:46 +0200 (Sun, 29 Aug 2010)